Concentrated Acids

This page provides info on how to dilute and prepare 1 molar (1M) solutions of acids, bases, and ammonia.

Acids	Molarity	Percent	S.G.	1M Dilute Acid
Acetic acid MW=60.05	17.4M	99%	1.05	58 mls per liter.
HCl MW=36.46	11.6M	36%	1.18	Use 86 mls per liter.
Nitric acid MW=63.01	16.4M	69%	1.42	61 mls per liter.
H2SO4 MW=98.07	17.6M 36N	95%	1.84	56 mls per liter. (28 mls = 1N)
Ammonia soln MW=35.05	14.5M 15N	28%	0.88	Use 71 mls per liter.
Hydrobromic acid MW=80.92	9 M	48%	1.49	111 mls per liter.
Hydrofluoric acid MW=20.01	27M	48%	1.29	37 mls per liter
Hydriodic acid MW=127.91	7M	57%	1.70	143 mls per liter.
Perchloric acid MW=100.46	11.7M 9.5M	70% 61%	1.71 1.66	85.5mls per liter. 106 mls per liter.
Phosphoric acid MW=97.99	45N 15M	88%	1.69	(22.5 mls = 1N) 68 mls per liter.

Dilute Acids

Acetic Acid
Dilute 116 mls.of the concentrated acid to 1 litre of water. (2M)
Hydrochloric Acid
Dilute 172 mls. of the concentrated acid to 1 litre with water.(2M)
Nitric Acid
Dilute 122mls. of the concentrated acid to 1 liter with water. (2M)
Sulphuric Acid
Pour 56 mls.of the concentrated acid slowly and with constant stirring into about 500mls. of water, cool, and dilute to 1 litre. (1M)
Sulphurous Acid
Prepare a saturated solution of SO₂ gas in water. (6-7%) by weght.

Dilute Bases

Ammonia solution conc.
The commercial product, S.G. 0.88 contains about 28% NH₃. (15M)
Ammonia solution dilute
Dilute 335 ml of the commercial solution to 1 liter (5N)
Barium hydroxide
Shake 70 gms. of crystalised salt in 1 liter of water. Filter or siphon off the liquid , and protect from CO₂ of the air. Use a CaCl₂ Guard tube. (0.2M)
Calcium hydroxide (Lime water)
Shake 2-3 gms. of calcium hydroxide with 1 liter of water. Filter or siphon off liquid, and protect from CO₂ of the air. Use a CaCl₂ Guard tube. (0.02M)
Potassium hydroxide
Dissolve 112 gms. of KOH pellets in water , and dilute to 1 liter. (2M)
Sodium hydroxide
Dissolve 200 gm pellets in water and dilute to 1 liter. (5M)